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大家都知道信用證在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中使用率是最高的,而審查信用證是信用證下貿(mào)易安全的首要工作。
能否全面細(xì)致讀懂信用證是審證的前提,如何讀懂信用證?首先必須搞清信用證英語(yǔ)的句法結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)。
從句子的結(jié)構(gòu)上來(lái)說(shuō),一個(gè)完整的英語(yǔ)句子通常必須有一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,不管是行為動(dòng)詞還是系動(dòng)詞。
而信用證英語(yǔ)屬于格式化語(yǔ)言,因此,信用證英語(yǔ)具有其他科技英語(yǔ)所沒(méi)有的行文特點(diǎn):
經(jīng)常故意省略句子的助動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu),使句子成為非完整句是信用證英語(yǔ)的獨(dú)有特點(diǎn)。
因此,非完整句是信用證英語(yǔ)句法機(jī)構(gòu)的主要特點(diǎn)。
1.現(xiàn)在分詞與非完整句:
在信用證條款中,我們常見到如下現(xiàn)在分詞的非完整句形式;
“certificate attesting that;
declaration stating shat;
statement indicating that;
Insurance Policy or certificate covering;
Certificate showing:
certificate confirmating;
Bill od lading mentioning;
Original certifying”
Loading manifest per container stating container number, item number per container and cartons per item.
集裝箱裝貨清單,說(shuō)明集裝箱號(hào)碼,每個(gè)集裝箱的商品編碼以及每件商品的紙箱數(shù)。
Packing list showing cubic measurements,quantity per carton and per container.
裝箱單注明立方尺碼及每紙箱和每集裝箱的數(shù)量。
Inspection certificate of weight issued by CIQ in one original and two copies certifying the gross weight, the net weight, the tare weight and the number of bags loaded at time of loading.
重量檢驗(yàn)證書由CIQ出具,正本1份副本2份,證實(shí)毛重,凈重,皮重及整運(yùn)時(shí)所裝袋件數(shù)。
Certificate of origin in triplicate showing name of manufacturer stating that goods are of Chinese origin, issued and certified by China Councile for the Promotion of International Trade.
產(chǎn)地證一式三份,注明制造商名稱,證明貨物為中國(guó)產(chǎn),由中國(guó)國(guó)際貿(mào)易促進(jìn)會(huì)簽發(fā)并證實(shí)。
2.過(guò)去分詞與非完整句:
過(guò)去分詞通常表示動(dòng)作“已完成”,但是在信用證單證條款中,在以過(guò)去分詞作為修飾成分的非完整句句型中,過(guò)去分詞均表示將來(lái)的概念。
它的含義相當(dāng)于“to be + 過(guò)去分詞”。一般來(lái)說(shuō),過(guò)去分詞可以分成帶by結(jié)構(gòu)和不帶by結(jié)構(gòu)兩種。
Copy of Fax sent by beneficiary to applicant between two days before and two days after shipment date containing full shipment details for insurance purpose.
受益人在裝船之前和之后的兩天之前向開證申請(qǐng)人發(fā)送一份傳真件,內(nèi)含裝船詳情以便辦理保險(xiǎn)之用。
特別注意:two days before and two days after shipment date. 和 two days before or two days after shipment date:的區(qū)別:
前者是在裝船前兩天發(fā)一份傳真,裝船之后的兩天之內(nèi)再發(fā)一份裝船通知傳真;
而后者是在裝船日前兩天或者在裝船日后兩天內(nèi)發(fā)一次裝船通知就可以了。
前者是發(fā)兩次裝船通知,后者發(fā)一次就行,千萬(wàn)別把前者理解為后者,只發(fā)一次傳真,那麻煩就大了,可以被拒付了。
A certificate issued and signed by the owner, agent, captain or company of the vessel appended to the bill of lading.
由船東,代理人或船公司出具和簽署證書一份,隨附于提單。
Certificate issued by ower, master or agents stating that the carrying vessel is not exceeding 15 years of age at the date of loading.
由船東,船長(zhǎng)或代理人出具證書一份,說(shuō)明載貨船舶在裝運(yùn)時(shí)不得超過(guò)15年。
Full set of (marine) insurance policy or certificate endorsed in blank for 110 PCT of invoice value with claims payable in Korea in the currency of draft covering the Institute Cargo Clauses: ICC(A)
全套(海運(yùn))保險(xiǎn)單、憑證,空白背書,按發(fā)票總值的110%承保協(xié)會(huì)貨物條款(A),以匯票上的幣種在韓國(guó)辦理賠付。
3.動(dòng)詞不定式與非完整句:
動(dòng)詞不定式的非完整句句型在信用證英語(yǔ)中均表現(xiàn)為主動(dòng)式和被動(dòng)式兩種,名詞仍然為修飾的核心。
這些名詞大多和單證條款所涉及的事項(xiàng)有關(guān)。在信用證的非完整句的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中我們常用的動(dòng)詞為:
present, effect, add, deduct, pack, mark, make, certify, adjust 等。
而名詞大多為:documents, insurance, confirmation, commission, goods,bill of lading, commericial invoice value, shipment davice, certificate of origin, quantity.
我們常見如下動(dòng)詞不定式非完整句被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu):
documents to be presented; insurance to be effected; confirmation to be added; commission to be deducted from; goods t be packed;bill of lading to be marked;commercial invoice value to be deducted; shipment advice to be made;
主動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu):
drafts to include; freight to collect; courier receipt to accompany; document to contain.
比如:
Confirmation to be added only by Industrial and Commericial Bank of China, Jiangsu provincial branch, China.
僅由中國(guó)工商銀行江蘇分行對(duì)信用證加以保兌。
Documents to be presented within 15 days after the date of issurance of the shipping document but within the credit validity.
單據(jù)于裝船單據(jù)簽發(fā)日期后15天但需要在信用證有效期內(nèi)提交提交議付。
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