隨著美國(guó)貿(mào)易代表團(tuán)5月3日、4日到訪北京,中美貿(mào)易談判正式開(kāi)啟，美國(guó)貿(mào)易代表團(tuán)帶來(lái)的“愿望清單”也隨之流出，我們逐條翻譯、對(duì)照，部分給予簡(jiǎn)要評(píng)述，以幫助大家理解貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)走向。本文不保證該“愿望清單”的真實(shí)性，也對(duì)該清單出處渠道的正規(guī)性無(wú)法判斷，跟著瀚而普-外貿(mào)代理的小編，一起去看看吧。

中美貿(mào)易關(guān)系再平衡

The Government of the United States of America (“United States”) andthe Government of the People’s Republic of China (“China”) have strongoverlapping interests as the world’s two largest economies and the majordrivers of global growth. At present, the United States-China traderelationship is significantly imbalanced. United States investment and the saleof services into China remain severely constrained. China’s industrial policiesnow targeting U.S. technologies and intellectual property pose significanteconomic and security concerns to the United States.

作為全球前兩大經(jīng)濟(jì)體和全球經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，美國(guó)政府和中國(guó)政府具有很強(qiáng)的共同利益。當(dāng)前，中美貿(mào)易關(guān)系顯著失衡。美國(guó)投資和服務(wù)銷售在中國(guó)被嚴(yán)格限制，中國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)政策瞄準(zhǔn)美國(guó)技術(shù)和知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)，給美國(guó)帶來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)和安全擔(dān)憂。

There is an immediate need for the United States and China to reducethe U.S. trade deficit with China by ensuring that China’s market is open toUnited States traders and investors on a fair and non-discriminatory basis.China therefore undertakes to (a) eliminate improper tariff and non-tariffbarriers to United States exports to China, (b) address China’s policies andpractices related to technology transfer and intellectual property, (c) treatUnited States service providers in China on terms equal to those provided toChinese service providers in the United States, and (d) record China’sagreement not to target United States farmers and agricultural products. Toaddress these issues and restore balance in the United States–China traderelationship, there is an immediate need for the United States and China toagree on a set of concrete and verifiable actions.

中美必須立即較少美國(guó)對(duì)華貿(mào)易逆差，確保中國(guó)市場(chǎng)公平地、非歧視性地對(duì)美國(guó)貿(mào)易商和投資者開(kāi)放。中國(guó)因此需做到：

取消美國(guó)對(duì)中國(guó)出口的不合理稅收和非稅障礙；

解決（糾正）中國(guó)在技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移、知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)方面的政策和實(shí)踐；

中國(guó)對(duì)美國(guó)服務(wù)貿(mào)易商待遇要與美國(guó)對(duì)中國(guó)服務(wù)商待遇一視同仁；

載明中國(guó)不能針對(duì)美國(guó)農(nóng)民和農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)品發(fā)動(dòng)制裁。

為解決這些問(wèn)題，實(shí)現(xiàn)中美貿(mào)易平衡，中美雙方需要立即就一系列具體、可驗(yàn)證的行動(dòng)達(dá)成一致。

SECTION1 TRADE DEFICIT REDUCTION

（第一部分：貿(mào)易赤字削減）

China commits to work with Chinese importers to engage in tradetransactions to achieve targets to which the Parties agree. These transactionsare specifically designed to reduce the United States-China trade deficit by$100 billion in the twelve (12) months beginning June 1, 2018, and anadditional $100 billion in the twelve (12) months beginning June 1, 2019, suchthat the U.S. trade deficit with China will have decreased compared to 2018 byat least $200 billion by the end of 2020. China’s purchase of U.S. goods willrepresent at least 75% of China’s commitment to a $100 billion increase inpurchases of U.S. exports for the twelve months beginning June 1, 2018, and atleast 50% of China’s commitment to an additional $100 billion increase inpurchases of U.S. exports in the twelve (12) months beginning June 1, 2019.

中國(guó)和國(guó)內(nèi)進(jìn)口商需要通過(guò)系列貿(mào)易行動(dòng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)雙方達(dá)成的目標(biāo)。這些行動(dòng)用以在未來(lái)12個(gè)月內(nèi)（2018年6月1日算起）削減中美貿(mào)易逆差1000億美元，并在之后的12個(gè)月（2019年6月1日算起）再削減1000億美元逆差。這樣，到2020年底，中美貿(mào)易逆差將削減2000億美元（您沒(méi)有看錯(cuò)，2000億?。。。?。第一期增加的美國(guó)對(duì)華1000億美元的出口中，購(gòu)買(mǎi)美國(guó)商品（而非服務(wù)?。┑谋戎刂辽龠_(dá)到75%；第二期中，須至少達(dá)到50%。

簡(jiǎn)評(píng)：1）赤字削減目標(biāo)翻倍，不是1000億美元，而是2000億美元；

2）削減的方式，就是增加從美國(guó)的進(jìn)口，而不是壓縮中國(guó)自己的出口，或者縮小中美貿(mào)易規(guī)模。看來(lái)美國(guó)還是想做大中美貿(mào)易規(guī)模，而非去貿(mào)易化；

3）增加美國(guó)進(jìn)口中，貨物進(jìn)口比例兩期需至少達(dá)到75%和50%。美國(guó)需要硬的、實(shí)在的赤字削減，而非服務(wù)貿(mào)易等“軟”的赤字削減。

SECTION 2 .PROTECTION OF AMERICAN TECHNOLOGY AND INTELLECTUALPROPERTY

（第二部分：保護(hù)美國(guó)技術(shù)和知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)）

In order to address China’s policies, laws, regulations, practices andactions that are harming United States intellectual property rights, innovationand technology development, China commits as follows:

(a) China immediately will cease providing market-distorting subsidiesand other types of government support that can contribute to the creation ormaintenance of excess capacity in the industries targeted by the Made in China2025 industrial plan;

(b) by January 1, 2019, China will eliminate specified policies andpractices with respect to technology transfer;

(c) China will take immediate, verifiable steps to ensure the cessationof Chinese government-conducted, Chinese government-sponsored, and Chinesegovernment-tolerated cyber intrusions into U.S. commercial networks and cyber-enabledtheft targeting intellectual property, trade secrets and confidential businessinformation held by U.S. companies;

(d) China will strengthen specified intellectual property rightsprotection and enforcement;

(e) by January 1, 2019, China will eliminate the provisions of theRegulations on the Administration of the Import and Export of Technologies andthe Regulations on the Implementation of the Law on Chinese-Foreign EquityJoint Ventures identified in the U.S. request for WTO consultations in China –Certain Measures Concerning the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights (DS542);and

(f) by July 1, 2018, China will withdraw its request for WTOconsultations in United States – Tariff Measures on Certain Goods from China (DS543)and will take no further action related to this matter under the WTOUnderstanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes(“DSU”).

In addition, China will not take any retaliatory action, whether in theform of tariffs on imports of U.S. products or in any other form, includingunwarranted sanitary and phytosanitary (“SPS”) measures, unwarranted technicalbarriers to trade (“TBT”) measures, antidumpting and countervailing duties, anddiscriminatory inspection, quarantine and testing practices directed at importsof U.S. agricultural products, in response to actions taken or to be taken bythe United States, including any new U.S. restrictions on investments orimports. China immediately will cease all retaliatory actions currently beingpursued.

China agrees to immediately cease the targeting of American technologyand intellectual property through cyber operations, economic espionage,counterfeiting, and piracy. China also agrees to abide by U.S. export controllaws.

為了糾正中國(guó)“傷害”美國(guó)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)、創(chuàng)新和技術(shù)發(fā)展的法律、政策、監(jiān)管、實(shí)踐和行動(dòng)，中國(guó)需承諾如下：

a)立即停止扭曲市場(chǎng)的補(bǔ)貼，和其他政府支持，以免“中國(guó)制造2025”計(jì)劃里所提到的行業(yè)出現(xiàn)“過(guò)度產(chǎn)能”；

b)截至2019年1月1日前，中國(guó)需消除知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)移方面的政策和實(shí)踐；

c)中國(guó)需立即采取措施，停止政府主導(dǎo)、贊助和容忍的對(duì)美國(guó)商界的“滲透”，和對(duì)美國(guó)公司網(wǎng)絡(luò)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)、商業(yè)秘密和機(jī)密商業(yè)信息的“盜竊”；

d)中國(guó)須加強(qiáng)對(duì)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的保護(hù)；

e)2019年1月1日前，中國(guó)需取消“技術(shù)進(jìn)出口監(jiān)管條款”和中外合資的證券業(yè)監(jiān)管法律規(guī)定；

f)2018年7月1日前，中國(guó)須撤回在WTO對(duì)美國(guó)對(duì)華部分商品征稅的投訴。

此外，中國(guó)不能對(duì)美國(guó)采取任何的報(bào)復(fù)措施，不管是稅收措施，還是衛(wèi)生免疫措施，還是技術(shù)壁壘，還是反傾銷措施，還是歧視性審查，balabala。

中國(guó)須立即停止對(duì)美國(guó)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的經(jīng)濟(jì)間諜、仿造和盜版行為，同意遵守美國(guó)高科技出口限制法律。

簡(jiǎn)評(píng)：1、美國(guó)要求中國(guó)取消一切技術(shù)追趕方面的政府努力；

2、將高科技視為美國(guó)“禁臠”，繼續(xù)限制高科技出口（中國(guó)期待通過(guò)擴(kuò)大高科技進(jìn)口削減逆差的想法不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)了）；

3、要求中國(guó)這樣做、那樣做，而且更搞笑的是，不能對(duì)美國(guó)采取“報(bào)復(fù)”措施。美國(guó)佬這做法也是沒(méi)誰(shuí)了，一句話：“強(qiáng)盜”、“流氓”！

SECTION3 RESTRICTIONS ON INVESTMENT IN SENSITIVE TECHNOLOGY

（第三部分，限制敏感技術(shù)投資）

In light of China’s prevailing investment restrictions andstate-directed investment in sensitive U.S. technology sectors, includingindustrial plans such as Made in China 2025, China confirms that it will notoppose, challenge, or otherwise retaliate against the United States’ impositionof restrictions on investments from China in sensitive U.S. technology sectorsor sectors critical to U.S. national security.

考慮到中國(guó)普遍的投資限制和政府導(dǎo)向的針對(duì)美國(guó)敏感技術(shù)行業(yè)的投資，包括“中國(guó)制造2025”等產(chǎn)業(yè)政策，中國(guó)需確認(rèn)它不會(huì)反對(duì)、挑戰(zhàn)、報(bào)復(fù)美國(guó)在敏感技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)和事關(guān)美國(guó)國(guó)家安全的產(chǎn)業(yè)方面對(duì)中國(guó)投資的限制。

簡(jiǎn)評(píng)：在核心領(lǐng)域、關(guān)鍵產(chǎn)業(yè)方面，美國(guó)赤裸裸地表明要限制中國(guó)投資和追趕努力，而且還要中國(guó)不能報(bào)復(fù)。攤牌了！

SECTION 4  UNITEDSTATES INVESTMENT IN CHINA

（美國(guó)在華投資）

China recognizes that China should not distort trade through investmentrestrictions, and that any investment restrictions or conditions imposed byChina must be narrow and transparent. U.S. investors in China must be affordedfair, effective and non-discriminatory market access and treatment, includingremoval of the application of foreign investment restrictions and foreignownership/shareholding requirements. In furtherance of these principles, Chinawill issue an improved nationwide negative list for foreign investment by July1, 2018. Within ninety (90) days of the date on which China issues thisnegative list, the United States will identify existing investment restrictionsthat deny U.S. investors fair, effective and non-discriminatory market accessand treatment. Following receipt of the U.S. list of identified restrictions,China is to act expeditiously to remove all identified investment restrictionson a timetable to be decided by the United States and China.

中國(guó)不能通過(guò)投資限制扭曲貿(mào)易。任何投資限制或施加的條件必須是“少”而“透明”的。美國(guó)在華投資者在市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入方面必須被平等、有效和非歧視地對(duì)待，包括取消外商投資限制、外國(guó)股東要求限制。在這些原則指導(dǎo)下，中國(guó)應(yīng)該在2018年7月1日前，發(fā)布一個(gè)改進(jìn)版的外資投資全國(guó)性負(fù)面清單。在發(fā)布清單的90天內(nèi)，美國(guó)會(huì)對(duì)審查阻礙美國(guó)投資者的限制規(guī)定。根據(jù)美國(guó)審議的限制清單，中國(guó)需立即行動(dòng)，根據(jù)中美共同設(shè)定的時(shí)間表，取消所有的投資限制。

簡(jiǎn)評(píng)：直接要求中國(guó)干著干那，還設(shè)定時(shí)間表，不是平等對(duì)話的樣子，更像是城下之盟，觸及了底線。

SECTION 5 TARIFF AND NON-TARIFF BARRIERS

（稅收和非稅障礙）

China’s tariffs and non-tariff barriers are significantly higher thanthose of the United States for most tradable goods. China commits to addressU.S. concerns relating to tariffs and non-tariff barriers as follows:

(a) by July 1, 2020, China will reduce its tariffs on all products innon-critical sectors to levels that are no higher than the levels of the UnitedStates’ corresponding tariffs; and

(b) China will remove specified non-tariff barriers. China alsorecognizes that the United States may impose import restrictions and tariffs onproducts in critical sectors, including sectors identified in the Made in China2025 industrial plan.

中國(guó)對(duì)大多數(shù)貿(mào)易品的稅收和非稅障礙明顯高于美國(guó)。中國(guó)須承諾解決美國(guó)在稅收和非稅障礙方面的擔(dān)憂：

a）  2020年7月1日前，中國(guó)降低所有非關(guān)鍵部門(mén)產(chǎn)品的稅負(fù)至不高于美國(guó)的水平；

b）中國(guó)將取消特定的非稅收障礙，并理解美國(guó)會(huì)在關(guān)鍵行業(yè)施加稅收和進(jìn)口限制，包括“中國(guó)制造2025”里面涉及的行業(yè)。

簡(jiǎn)評(píng)：中國(guó)必須大幅降低稅率至美國(guó)水平，取消一切稅收障礙；但美國(guó)卻可以對(duì)高科技產(chǎn)業(yè)施加限制，精準(zhǔn)打擊“2025”。

SECTION 6 UNITED STATES SERVICES AND SERVICESSUPPLIERS

（美國(guó)服務(wù)和服務(wù)供應(yīng)商）

In order to achieve fair treatment with respect to U.S. services andservices suppliers, China commits to improve access to its market in specifiedways.

為使美國(guó)服務(wù)和服務(wù)商獲得公平對(duì)待，中國(guó)承諾采取具體措施改善市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入。

SECTION 7 UNITED STATES AGRICULTURALPRODUCTS

（美國(guó)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品）

In order to achieve fair treatment with respect to U.S. agriculturalproducts, China commits to improve access to its market in specified ways.

為使美國(guó)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品獲得公平對(duì)待，中國(guó)承諾采取具體措施改善市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入。

SECTION 8 IMPLEMENTATION

（具體實(shí)施）

China and the United States will meet quarterly to review progress inmeeting agreed targets and reforms.

中美將每個(gè)季度會(huì)面一次，檢查所達(dá)成的目標(biāo)和改革實(shí)施進(jìn)展

In the event that the United States considers that China fails tocomply with any of China’s commitments in this Framework, including deficittargets, China acknowledges the likelihood that the United States will imposeadditional tariffs or other import restrictions on Chinese products, or on thesupply of services or investment, to such extent as the United States deemsappropriate. China also understands that it will not oppose, challenge or takeany form of action against the United States’ imposition of additional tariffsor restrictions pursuant to this paragraph, including action pursuant to theDSU.

以防中國(guó)不遵守此框架下的承諾，包括赤字目標(biāo)，中國(guó)需理解美國(guó)采取合適程度的額外稅收或?qū)χ袊?guó)商品、服務(wù)和投資供應(yīng)其他方面的限制。（大棒伺候?。。?

China will withdraw its WTO complaints regarding designations of Chinaas a non-market economy by the United States and European Union (United States– Measures Related to Price Comparison Methodologies (DS515), European Union –Measures Related to Price Comparison Methodologies (DS516)) and will refrainfrom challenging the treatment of China as a non-market economy under the DSUin the future.

中國(guó)應(yīng)撤回向WTO提交的關(guān)于美歐對(duì)中國(guó)非市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)認(rèn)定的申訴，限制對(duì)“中國(guó)非市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位”認(rèn)定的挑戰(zhàn)。（非市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位，扼住了中國(guó)外貿(mào)的咽喉?。?

Additionally, within 15 days of receiving written notice of aprohibited product that may have been transshipped through one or morecountries, with or without modification, China will provide full details ofevery such shipment to the suspected destination or destinations. If Chinafails to do so, or the information reveals that transshipping is occuring, theUnited States will impose tariffs equal to the amount of suspectedtransshipments.

此外，在收到一份被禁止的產(chǎn)品的書(shū)面通知后15天內(nèi)，中國(guó)將提供每批轉(zhuǎn)船至一個(gè)或多個(gè)國(guó)家貨物的可疑目的地和目的地的詳細(xì)信息。如果中國(guó)未能做到這一點(diǎn)，或者信息顯示出轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)正在發(fā)生，美國(guó)將征收與可疑轉(zhuǎn)船量相當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)稅。

China understands that if it fails to uphold any commitment under thisFramework for Discussion, it is likely that the United States will imposetariffs on imports from China, and, where appropriate in the case of China’scommitments under subsection (c) of Section 2 or the last paragraph in Section2, U.S. Customs and Border Protection will confiscate counterfeit and piratedgoods or levy tariffs to compensate the United States for its lost technologiesand intellectual property. China commits to not take any retaliatory action inresponse to the imposition of tariffs or confiscations by the United Statespursuant to this Section

中國(guó)須理解，如果它未能遵守該框架下的任何承諾，美國(guó)都可能會(huì)對(duì)來(lái)自中國(guó)的進(jìn)口征稅。美國(guó)海關(guān)將會(huì)沒(méi)收仿制品、盜版商品和征稅，以補(bǔ)償其技術(shù)和知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)損失。中國(guó)承諾，不采取任何報(bào)復(fù)行動(dòng)對(duì)美國(guó)征稅、沒(méi)收等懲罰實(shí)施報(bào)復(fù)。

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